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What is Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT)?
AAT is an activity in which an animal and handler work with a professional therapist, teacher, or doctor.
Their sessions are goal-directed and individualized to the patient.
They are an integral part of the treatment process.
Records are kept to measure and document the individual's progress.
Goals can by physical, educational, motivational or mental health oriented.
AAT sessions can be provided in a variety of settings, and may be group or individual in nature.
They can deal with a wide range of age groups and people with varying problems.
Is That the Same as Animal Assisted Activities?
When volunteers bring a pet or a specially trained therapy dog to visit hospitals, nursing homes and other facilities for the purpose of socializing with the residents, they're engaging in Animal Assisted Activities (AAA).No specific treatment goals are planned for the visits.
No formal records are kept of the dog's effect on the people he visits.
These activities provide opportunities for motivational, educational, and/or recreational benefits to enhance quality of life.
Therapy dogs can actually be involved in either AAT or AAA.
Why Use Animals in Therapy?
The unconditional love offered by animals, combined with their non-judgmental attitude, make them ideal participants in counseling sessions.
They promote an atmosphere of trust, nurturance, and relationship building.
Talking to an animal while a therapist listens is often easier than talking to the therapist directly, especially for children.
The animal is seen as a friend and ally, making this feel like a safe place for sharing.
This form of therapy works particularly well for very young children and children with autism.
It also works well for children who do not trust adults and children who have difficulty focusing and sitting still.
Dogs provide powerful motivation in physical therapy.
While residents of a nursing home may not cooperate in a traditional physical therapy session, they might eagerly brush a friendly Golden Retriever.
In this way, they regain strength and mobility while having fun with the dog.
Working with a dog increases a person's activity level, encouraging walking and playing.
Patients who don't want to get out of bed can often be coaxed to walk with a dog down hospital hallways.
Since 1990, the largest organization devoted to promoting animal assisted therapy, the Delta Society, has trained over 3,000 volunteer animal-human teams in five countries to participate in its Pet Partners program.
A great many species make wonderful therapy animals and can form a strong human-animal bond.
Among the animals used in therapy as part of the Delta Society's program are rabbits, guinea pigs, cats, goats, pot-bellied pigs, horses, donkeys, llamas, African gray parrots, cockatoos, and chickens.
But a dog is still by far the most common and popular animal therapist.
Dogs used in AAT are the ultimate in therapy dogs.
They are sometimes assigned to the most critically damaged and discouraged patients.
They even work with those who have suffered a head injury or a stroke.
These situations severely limit a patient's ability to interact with those around him.
Animal Therapy Benefits
In this era of managed care and cost reduction, AAT allows therapists to use one treatment tool, an animal, to target a variety of goals.
These may include improving a patient's range of motion, strength and endurance, balance, mobility, sensation, speech and cognitive functioning.
Among the specific benefits of animal assisted therapy are the ways it motivates people to:
- Get up, move, leave their room, and walk
- Interact more with family and staff
- Do things that may be a struggle, such as eating
- Participate in therapy (physical, occupational, and speech)
This type of therapy is also able to:
- Reduce stress levels
- Improve one's mood
- Increase self-esteem
- Provide a sense of well-being
- Give the person a focus other than their disability or disease
- Provide a welcome break from the difficulties of daily life
History of Animal Therapy
York Retreat in England, an establishment founded by the Quakers in the 1790s for people with mental illness, is attributed as the first recorded therapeutic setting where animals were utilized as complements to therapy.
The patients at the retreat learned to care for animals and work in a garden as part of their therapy.
But it was New York child psychologist Boris Levinson who first explained the benefits of using animals to enhance therapy sessions.
He outlined his findings in a paper published in 1962.
Levinson discovered that when his dog Jingles attended therapy sessions, he was able to make more progress with a disturbed child.
Levinson began using his dog in sessions with other patients and found that many of the children who were usually withdrawn would interact more willingly with Jingles.
The work of Levinson and others laid the groundwork for animal assisted therapy.
The Power to Heal
What makes this form of therapy unique is that animals--not humans--do the real work.Time and again, these four-footed therapists have elicited nearly miraculous responses from deeply troubled or abused children, physically traumatized hospital patients, and even those who are terminally ill.
Both animal assisted therapy and animal assisted activities apply one of the strongest benefits of the human-animal bond--the power to heal.
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